A User Experience and Interface Designer
Controlled Vocabulary
A Controlled Vocabulary is a defined set of equivalent words (synonyms) used in the context of a product. This can include terms for interactions (for example, “search” and “lookup”) or subject-specific terminology in reference to your site’s content (for example, “LP” and “album”). These will be the words used for indexing, navigation, calls-to-action, and page titles and should not be deviated from in any way that is visible to users. A Controlled Vocabulary can also contain “preferred” terms for clarity and to educate the user.
Controlled Vocabularies allow for the creation of a thesaurus for tagging and metadata, making it possible for users to find the “right” content: when searching for “fishing pole,” the system could find items associated with the preferred term, “fishing rod” and display that information to the user.
Authority Files are often part of a Controlled Vocabulary. Items in an Authority File are exclusive terms that equivalent terms are mapped to. For example, state words are always mapped to the two-digit postal code: “Delhi” is always mapped to “DL”.
SCHEDULE TIME & GATHER MATERIALS
Schedule Time
Time Needed: 4 – 6 Weeks
Gather Materials
Spreadsheet software
CARRY OUT THIS METHOD
STEP ONE
Review existing company products; document labels and terminology in a spreadsheet. Then, do the same for competitive products. In most cases, conforming to industry terminology is preferred so users can comfortably predict content and functionality.
STEP TWO
Review your site’s search logs. Record the terms users have searched for when attempting to access a specific type of content, and map those terms to the relevant vocabulary currently in use within your existing product.
STEP THREE
Interview users and customer service personnel to document terms used by users. If this is an internal product, interview users in every department and, if possible and applicable, every location.
STEP FOUR
Map these terms to the other spreadsheet terms.
Decide if your Controlled Vocabulary will contain nouns, verbs and adjectives. For example, the names of products (“Raid Flying Insect Spray’), what the products do (“kill wasps”) and how the products are described by users (“stinging bug spray”). Map these terms to the other spreadsheet terms, where applicable.
Decide which terms will have spelling variations and misspellings (“Coke”, “Cola”, “Coola”). Map these terms to the other spreadsheet terms.
Decide which terms need singular and plural variants (“robot”, “robots”). Some search engines have this setting.
Decide which terms require abbreviations and acronyms (“Tex”, “Lone Star State”, “Tejas”). Map these terms to the other spreadsheet terms.
Decide which terms have multiple meanings and may need multiple entries. You will need to ask the user to choose which term they are searching for.
Ask stakeholders and users to review the spreadsheet.
TIPS AND RESOURCES
Try these tips
Ask if the product needs search before undertaking the creation of a Controlled Vocabulary. (Not every product needs one, especially if there is no commitment to maintain it.)
Ask who will maintain the Controlled Vocabulary.
Don’t minimize the effort to create a Controlled Vocabulary.
Taxonomies may be available for your domain or industry from third parties.
Explore more resources
Hedden Information Management: Taxonomies, Thesauri, and Controlled Vocabularies
Wikipedia: Controlled Vocabulary
Boxes and Arrows: Creating a Controlled Vocabulary
Boxes and Arrows: What is a Controlled Vocabulary?
Cyber Text Consulting: Consistency: Pick one. Stick with it.
nForm: Controlled Vocabulary
Usability First: controlled vocabulary system
NISO: Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Controlled Vocabularies
Taxonomy Warehouse: Everything You Need to Know about Taxonomy in One Place
Design and Usability of Digital Libraries book: “…documents are manually indexed using a predetermined vocabulary and queries from users are using terms drawn from the same vocabulary.”
Design, User Experience, and Usability book: “restricted systems of textual tags… normally applied for large datasets.”